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Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major causative agent of chronic liver disease, is spread throughout the world and around 170 million people are persistently infected.

It may now be possible to ask how memory cells are generated and to define what signals are required during or after antigenic encounter for a cell to enter the memory cell pool rather than to terminally differentiate into an effector cell.

Although retroviruses have long been associated with a variety of animal diseases, active research in the field of human retroviruses dates from the discovery of human immunodefici ency virus (HIV) in association with acquired immunodefici ency syndrome (AIDS).

They present eleven reviews that cover a wide range of topics, from wound repair and its relationship to regeneration, through systems including lenticular, neural, and musculoskeletal tissues and limbs, to epigenetics and the role of the cell cycle.

PASTAN , and J. ROBERTUS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 Intracellular Processing - Cleavage and Reduction . . . . . . 1 Cytosolic Activity . . . , diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin and ricin) are among the most toxic substances known.

This book gives a concise review of the known human retroviruses; The book ends with a critical review of recent work suggesting a possible role of still other retroviruses in human disorders including malignancies, autoimmune, or neurologic diseases.

One chapter discusses how intrinsic immunity and viral countermeasures to intrinsic immune effectors drive both pathogen and host evolution, and finally the emerging evidence that DNA damage response proteins restrict infection by DNA viruses is highlighted.

The third and, as of yet, unexplored aspect relates to a means of delivering genes for therapeutic purposes thus overcoming some of the limitations of "conventional" gene therapy.

Marburg and Ebola virus, the two species within the family Filoviridae, are among the most pathogenic agents causing fulminant hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates.

FERRARA Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Molecular and Biological Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIPALMA Structure, Expression and Receptor-Binding Properties of Placenta Growth Factor (PIGF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLAESSON-WELSH Structure and Function of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-I and -2 .

Within the next few years, it was apparent that this and other similar viruses were not polioviruses but were indeed a new group of viruses, viruses that by the mid- 1950s had been found to be commonly associated with pediatric inflammatory heart disease.

'Wild mice' is a jargonistic term that is used chiefly in the laboratory to refer to the naturally living forms of house mice (Mus musculus) and also other species closely related to M.

The papers in this book were presented at the 6th Workshop on Mechanisms in B-Cell Neoplasia, held in Bethesda, March 23-25, 1988. , endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mUltiple myeloma in man;

Leading researchers present contemporary treatment of in situ hybridization applied to current issues in animal virus pathogenesis. The genetic programs played out in these cells and the newer methods of hybridization at the electron microscopic level provide valuable insight into the complexities of virus-host interaction.

It is surprising, and even disappointing, that there have been very few meetings and published volumes resulting from these meetings that focus attention upon all of the groups of DNA tumor viruses.

This volume focuses on the evidence for or against molecular mimicry as a cause of autoimmunity.

Bacterial capsules thus enable the pathogenic bacteria to survive in the host by counter action or evasion of the nonspecific host defense in the early pre immune phase of an infection.

Once again the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology series presents a volume with up-to-date review articles on oncogenes. The well-known authority and editor of previous volumes in the series, Dr. Vogt, has accepted five contributions which critically evaluate recent research in the field.

The newest volume in the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology series edited by Dr. Vogt and dealing with oncogenes and retroviruses contains four review articles by international authorities in the field.

The great majority of bacterial infections are initiated by the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to cells and mucosal surfaces of the host. We now know that adhesins may occur as structural subunits of fimbriae and that they may form fimbriae which can be considered as mono- or multifunctional linear adhesin polymers.

EMBO Workshop held at the Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland, February 20-22, 1989

The third component of complement, C3, is one of the most versatile proteins and an important participant in immune surveillance and immune response pathways. VOLANAKIS: Participation of C3 and Its Ligands in Complement Activation . TACK: Biosynthesis and Genetics of C3 .

Although most primary infections in humans are subclinical, cytomegalovirus can be associated with a wide spectrum of disease, particularly when infection occurs in the immuno compromised individual or as a result of congenital or perinatal infection.

It has been said that the development of vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases is among the greatest triumphs of immunology. In the beginning it may have been thought that acq uired resistance against infectious agents is nothing but another aspect of the immune response, studied with soluble and particulate antigens.

Lyssaviruses are the etiological agents of rabies, one of the oldest documented and feared maladies in medical history. Yet, despite these academic and practical advances in research, the age-old horror evoked by rabies is still very real, with only four documented human recoveries once symptoms are realized.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) control several viral infections in animals based on deletion and reconstitution experiments with CTL clones and use of CD8 genetically deficient (knock-out) mice. In this volume, data for the role that CTL play in human infectious diseases is presented.

At first glance the destruction of a target cell by a killer cell seems to be a simple endeavor. After the eradication of the target cells, the number or activity of activated killer cells has to be reduced to avoid nonspecific killing of innocent cells.