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The Saber & Scroll is a publication of the American Public University's Historical Studies Honor Society. Originally published by The Saber and Scroll, an APUS history club, the Saber & Scroll Journal is staffed by students and alumni of APUS under the supervision of Dr. Steven Kreis and Dr. Richard Hines. Over the past eight years the Journal has published articles on all areas of history and military history - from Ancient Greece and Rome through the American Revolution and the American Civil War.The Journal welcomes submissions on any history/military history topics from any institution of higher learning. For additional information please contact the Journal at: EICSaberandScroll@apus.edu.

The Saber & Scroll is a publication of the American Public University's Historical Studies Honor Society. Originally published by The Saber and Scroll, an APUS history club, the Saber & Scroll Journal is staffed by students and alumni of APUS under the supervision of Dr. Steven Kreis and Dr. Richard Hines. Over the past eight years the Journal has published articles on all areas of history and military history - from Ancient Greece and Rome through the American Revolution and the American Civil War.The Journal welcomes submissions on any history/military history topics from any institution of higher learning. For additional information please contact the Journal at: EICSaberandScroll@apus.edu.

The Saber & Scroll is a publication of the American Public University's Historical Studies Honor Society. Originally published by The Saber and Scroll, an APUS history club, the Saber & Scroll Journal is staffed by students and alumni of APUS under the supervision of Dr. Steven Kreis and Dr. Richard Hines. Over the past eight years the Journal has published articles on all areas of history and military history - from Ancient Greece and Rome through the American Revolution and the American Civil War.The Journal welcomes submissions on any history/military history topics from any institution of higher learning. For additional information please contact the Journal at: EICSaberandScroll@apus.edu.

Welcome to the fourth issue of New Water Policy and Practice Journal: A Platform for the World's Emerging Water Leaders and Thinkers. One of our main aims at New Water Policy and Practice Journal is to support emerging water leaders and thinkers to develop and share their ideas on how to address the varied challenges for water management around the world. In our first three issues we have already had papers from 14 different countries-Angola, Australia, Canada, China, Equador, India, Indonesia, Israel, Laos, Malaysia, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa and the United States. In this fourth edition we have an eclectic suite of papers which demonstrate the great diversity of challenges in water management, and the opportunities that exist by sharing experiences. We hope you enjoy this latest journey through the challenging world of water management.

European Policy Analysis - is a double blind peer-reviewed journal on policy research in Europe - focuses on policy research a) with an emphasis on European countries, issues and studies (and/or) b) which follows a comparative approach (and/or) c) which contributes to the theoretical understanding of policy research European Policy Analysis - invites original papers, quality articles and book reviews that fall within its scope - publishes only original contributions - publishes only articles written in English - appears open-access online, as a printed journal and as an e-book - cordially invites guest editors for special issues Please visit European Policy Analysis (EPA) online at www.ipsonet.org/publications/open-access/epa for submission guidelines, announcements, free sample issues, recent articles published, and more. Nils Bandelow, University of Braunschweig, Germany Email: nils.bandelow@tu-braunschweig.de Peter Biegelbauer, Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria Email: peter.biegelbauer@ait.ac.at Fritz Sager, University of Bern, Switzerland Email: fritz.sager@kpm.unibe.ch Klaus Schubert, University of Muenster, Germany Email: klaus.schubert@uni-muenster.de Facebook: facebook.com/europeanpolicyanalysis Twitter: @EPA_Journal

Charles Mason Remey (1874-1974) was the son of Admiral George Collier Remey and grew up in Washington DC, at 1527 New Hampshire Ave NW, which is now the home of Westphalia Press, the Policy Studies Organization, and of the American Political Science Association. He drew detailed plans and did a survey of the house, which are deposited in the Library of Congress. He studied to be an architect at Cornell (1893-1896) and the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris (1896-1903), where he learned about the Baha'i faith, and quickly adopted it. In 1903, Remey returned to Washington, DC, and wrote numerous works on Baha'i theology and practices. He spent much of his time traveling to teach and discuss the Baha'i faith, and at the same time developing architectural plans, with the occasional class taught at George Washington University. Remey wrote extensively, and his papers are held at the National Baha'i Archives, the New York Public Library, the Library of Congress, Princeton University, Yale University, and the Iowa Historical Society.

Much of this work originally appeared in the Chicago Tribune. Caroline Kirkland's goal was to encourage other Americans, particularly women, to make the voyage into Uganda and parts of East Africa. Kirkland described her journey as "made with entire safety and great comfort...where else can you look out from railway carriage windows and see zebras, gnus, giraffes, hyneas, and even lions as you steam through a land?" While this work is greatly valuable as a travelogue by a female traveler, it is not unbound from the social mores of the time. For example, Kirkland also describes Uganda as for, "the lover of strong contrasts, of high lights and black shadows, of wonderful scenery, of great spaces, of all that is new and free and sitting, I recommend a trip to this dark, mysterious, violent and enchanting country. We two women only touched the surface of it, but we were ever conscious of much we could not see, nor hear, nor formulate, but which exists in a land teeming with fierce and savage life." Kirkland took the journey with her mother, and an Italian maid, Nannina, who was to work for Kirkland's sister residing in Central Africa. Her work includes a historical sketch, and numerous photographs.

Richard and Isabella Ingalese were a husband and wife team deeply interested in all matters of what is often considered to be the occult. We know that the pair lived in New York City, where Isabella practiced as apsychic and a healer, and Richard worked as a lawyer. Both were interested in what was considered "New Thought" at the time, and today perhaps considered New Age. They were especially interested in alchemy and after many years, and much expense, claimed to have developed The White Stone and the Red Stone of the Philosophers. Richard was born as Richard Dean Arden Wade in Savannah, GA on April 15, 1863. Due to another practicing lawyer in the Chicago area of the same name, Richard changed his last name to Ingalese, and his wife, Mary Wade, chose to change her first and last name on February 21, 1898. In their later years, especially after their mid-60s, they largely dropped out of the public spotlight. They toured the world, spending time in Italy, before returning to the United States. They both passed away in 1934 while living in Los Angeles.

As changes in our political system have developed over the last two centuries, impeachment has grown even more political. The polarization of political parties, the power of interest groups and the expansion of suffrage has deeply impacted who we elect. Those elected officials, in turn, are responsible for overseeing the impeachment process, and their decisions are impacted by party dynamics, interest group influence and the desires of their constituents. While discussion about impeachment seems ubiquitous today, on the state level, impeachments of governors are extremely rare. Over 2,000 people have served as governors in the United States, but only thirteen governors have been impeached and eight removed from office. On the national level, there have only been two presidential impeachments, but modern presidents have faced increased impeachment efforts. Every president since Ronald Reagan has faced some type of impeachment resolution from the opposing party. President Trump is no exception. Starting from his first day in office, over a million people signed an online impeachment petition and within six months of taking office he faced articles of impeachment from two Democratic congressmen. This edited volume addresses the increased political nature of impeachment. It is meant to be a wide overview of impeachment on the federal and state level, including: the politics of bringing impeachment articles forward, the politicized impeachment proceedings, the political nature of how one conducts oneself during the proceedings and the political fallout afterwards. The group of men profiled in this book are an interesting, over-the-top group of politicians including Richard Nixon, Bill Clinton, William Sulzer, Evan Mecham, and Rod Blagojevich. Margaret Tseng is Professor and Chair of the Department of History and Politics at Marymount University in Arlington, Virginia. She also serves as the director of the American Heritage Initiative at Marymount. She earned her Ph.D. from Georgetown University. She is co-editor of The Presidents as Commander-in-Chief series with the Naval Institute Press. Contents: Andrew Johnson, Congress, and the Impeachment Crisis, Richard Zuczek Impeaching Richard Nixon, Mark Lytle The Clinton Impeachment: Where are they now?, Nicholas S. Miras and Irwin L. Morris Donald Trump: The Odds Against Impeachment, Margaret Tseng William Blount and the Constitution: The First Federal Impeachment, Melton Buckner Democratic-Republicans vs. Chase: The Battle for the Federal Judiciary, Joanne Tetlow The Curious Case of William Belknap's Impeachment, Dana John Stefanelli The Tiger's Bite: William Sulzer's Impeachment in the Empire State, Jack O'Donnell The Denouement of Texas Progressivism: The Impeachment of Governor James E. Ferguson, John R. Lundberg The Aborted Term of Governor Evan Mecham, Ronald J. Watkins The Blagojevich Impeachment, John Chase

The volume brings together reviews of books published about the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries in the fields of social sciences and humanities, in particular. It follows objectives similar to those of our previously published monograph of book reviews regarding this region. The first volume titled Post Arab Spring: Middle East reviews was published by the Washington-based Policy Studies Organization (PSO)/Westphalia Press. As with the previous edition, the reviews published in the present volume include complete bibliographic information for each title and a detailed and analytical signed review for each listed book. The reviews are written by scholars who are experts in their respective subject and geographic areas of the MENA region. The reviews cover established subjects such as history, social sciences, literature, as well as relatively new subjects that have emerged in the currently published literature on the Middle East and North Africa, among them: Islamophobia, Islamic terrorism, the war in Yemen, the Syrian civil war, Saudi social and political reforms--

Rule by ritual is more the norm than the exception. The Ritual, Secrecy, and Civil Society journal focuses on the study of the lasting influence of the Enlightenment, ritual, secrecy, and civil society vis-à-vis the dynamics of scholarship around the world. The journal aims to disseminate articles that question and explore the ways in which the secret initiatory societies interface with political and social history, and is part of the PSO's support of research into associations, civility, and the role of non governmental organizations in the development of democracy. Pierre Mollier is a graduate of the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris ("Sciences-Po") and the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes of the Sorbonne. He is editor of Renaissance Traditionelle and contributes to Politica Hermetica and Farliro. He is an authority on the French painter Jean-Fraçois Garneray. Pierre Mollier is the Director of Library, Archives, and Museum of the grand Orient of France, with a special scholarly interest in the First Empire and the Third Republic.

President Donald J. Trump's foreign policy rhetoric and actions become more understandable by reference to his personality traits, his worldview, and his view of the world. His campaign rhetoric catered to Americans comfortable with isolationism and certainly with no appetite for foreign military engagements. So, his foreign policy emphasis was on American isolationism and economic nationalism. He is not really interested in delving too deeply into some of the substantive issues of international politics, particularly the prevailing quandaries in the East Asia, Middle East and North Africa, and Central and Eastern Europe. Why bother when simple solutions will suffice, for his purposes. He has placed America's global superpower status at risk. The gradual decline of its global influence seems inevitable. Companion volume: John Dixon, Donald J. Trump as U.S. President: "It's all about me!" (Westphalia Press, Washington, DC, 2018). John Dixon is Professor of Public Administration at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey. He is a fellow of the British Academy of the Social Sciences in 2004, and has been an honorary life member of the American Phi Beta Delta Honor Society for International Scholars since 2006. Max J. Skidmore is University of Missouri's Curators' Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Thomas Jefferson Fellow at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. He has been Distinguished Fulbright Lecturer to India, and Senior Fulbright Scholar at the University of Hong Kong.

This is a wide-ranging book that focus the man who is the 45th president of the United States of America-Donald J. Trump. Its premise is that Trump's rhetoric and actions become more understandable, perhaps even more predictable, in the light of his personality and his worldview and view-of-the world. It, therefore, has two goals: - To delineate his personality traits and his worldview, so as to surmise on how he thinks about himself, others, and the world-at- large, and how he perceives and takes meaning from reality he experiences. - To elucidate his idiosyncratic views on governance, government, the presidency, public administration, and domestic and foreign public policy. To achieve these goals requires drawing upon concepts, frameworks, paradigms, and theories from philosophy, political science, psychology, public administration, economics, management, organizational theory, social theory, and sociology to understand his personality and worldview, and his views of the world-at-large, governance, government, and public policy. This book is targeted at those for whom the Trump phenomenon-as a presidential candidate and as president-is both fascinating and baffling, but who are not intimately familiar with Trump the man of some notoriety or with American political institution, processes, and politics. Companion volume: John Dixon and Max J. Skidmore (eds.), Donald J. Trump's Presidency: International Perspectives (Westphalia Press, Washington, DC, 2018). John Dixon is Professor of Public Administration at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey. He is a fellow of the British Academy of the Social Sciences in 2004, and has been an honorary life member of the American Phi Beta Delta Honor Society for International Scholars since 2006.

When J. L Ver Mehr, also known as Jean Leonhard Henri Corneille Ver Mehr, passed away in 1886. The following served as his obituary: A Brief Sketch of the Life of a Pioneer Clergyman Rev. Dr. J. L. Ver Mehr, of whose death brief mention was made in yesterday's papers, was one of the first clergymen of the Protestant Episcopal Church to arrive here. He came by way of Cape Horn, reaching San Francisco in September, 1849. He preached his first sermon in California in the house of a Mr. Merrill, in this city, on the 10th of that month. A chapel was next built before the close of that year at the corner of Powell and John streets and was opened for divine service on December 30th. This was the first Grace Church, the building being 20x60 feet, and costing $8,000. In April, 1850, Dr. Ver Mehr organized Grace Parish, he being the first rector, with David 8. Tamer and E. Bryant as wardens. He preached the first sermon in a new edifice on Powell street in the Summer of 1851. He resigned the rectorship on February 25, 1854, where it was assumed by Bishop Kip, who had arrived one month before that date. Dr. Ver Mehr then took charge of a private school in Sonoma. A few years later he returned to San Francisco and, with his wife, established a seminary. In connection with this institution was the "Chapel of the Holy Innocents," of which the doctor Was pastor. This building was located at the site of the Denman Grammar School. It was owned by the doctor and was destroyed by fire on the 10th day of October, 1860. For a year or so thereafter Dr. Ver Mehr was editor of the Pacific Churchman. He was one of the Vice-Presidents of the California Bible Society, organized in this city on October 30, 1849. His daughter is the wife of J. M. Seawell, the lawyer, and he leaves grown grandchildren. (Daily Alta California, Volume 40, Number 13095, January 20, 1886) While the obituary highlights the physical changes Ver Mehr brought to the landscape of Northern California, it does not bring to life the many colorful experiences he had. In Checkered Life, readers are treated to an interesting account of a very full career. This is a reprint edition with minor text flaws.

William Vaughn Moody was born on July 8, 1869 in Spencer, Indiana. He became an orphan at a young age when both of his parents passed. He supported himself while he was in school, going on to attend Harvard University. He graduated and then went on to become a professor at University of Chicago. In 1908, he earned a Litt.D from Yale. He wrote a great deal, including works such as The Masque of Judgment (1900), Poems (1901) and The Faith Healer (1909). Sadly, his promising life was cut short at the age of 41, as Moody had suffered from brain cancer and passed away. This new edition is dedicated to Judy Rich Lauder, enthusiast for books of all kinds.

SGP is a peer-reviewed journal focusing on the social, political, and cultural dimensions of sexuality, as well as policy-relevant research on issues related to sexual health, sexual rights, and sexuality education. The open access journal seeks to further expand opportunities for scholars to publish fully-rounded research on the historical development of sexuality and gender studies, current topics and methods in the field, and cutting-edge debates on theories and issues focusing on sexuality, gender, culture, and policy. It aims to examine and expand traditional definitions and boundaries within the realm of gender and sexuality, while acknowledging conditions of inequality, marginality, and post-coloniality. It is an interdisciplinary journal that welcomes articles from an array of disciplines. It aims to become an academic tool, publishing articles, reviews, syllabi, and other scholarly comments on the growing areas of sexuality and gender. It covers the social sciences, cultural history, cultural anthropology, public policy, as well as queer theory, feminist, gender, and LGBT studies. This issue features: The Admission of Lesbians and Gay Asylum Seekers to the USA: From Victory (Ejusdem Generis) to Complications (Social Visibility) Tim S. Braimah, University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom Sperm Exchange on the Black Market: Exploring Informal Sperm Donation Through Online Advertisements Ingrid Holme, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland A Study in LGBTQ Activism in Serbia and Russia after 1991: Different Countries, Common Issues? Batueva Ekaterina, President at Youth Included, Prague, Czech Republic and Dordevic Vladimir, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic "There's No Thing as a Whole Story" Storytelling and the Healing of Sexual Violence Survivors among Women and Girls in Acoliland, Northern Uganda Oluwaseun Bamidele, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria LGBT Identity: The Illustration of "Othering" in India Kunal Debnath, Kazi Nazrul University, India

This volume is a reminder that slavery was truly an awful institution that, even today in its legacy, continues to plague the United States. During its height, abolitionists "waved the bloody flag" and vigorously protested to end it, though it took plunging the nation into the Civil War to result in it being finally eradicated. One person that took a powerful stand against "the peculiar institution" was John Brown. Though Brown had led forces against pro-slavery opponents earlier, it wasn't until 1859 when he grabbed the national stage by leading forces, particularly enslaved African Americans, at Harper's Ferry. Unfortunately, the movement was ultimately unsuccessful, and Brown was captured and tried for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia (before Harper's Ferry was part of West Virginia). He was hanged despite vocal opposition from his supporters. Yet, his work as an abolitionist created extraordinary ripples of tension that significantly fueled the drift towards war. Dr. Hermann Von Holst (1841 - 1904) was a historian who was born in Germany, emigrated to the United States after the end of the Civil War to teach, and then moved back and forth between the US and Germany on various teaching appointments. He wrote and taught extensively, focusing on American history. Von Holst was particularly moved by John Brown, and astounded by the Confederate apologists who housed a complete lack of understanding and empathy for the horrors of slavery. Charles Town, West Virginia, where Brown met his end, is now the home of the American Public University System, which has done much to restore the town and maintains a museum in its library. This edition is dedicated to Dr. Wallace Boston, enthusiastic friend of Charles Town history and longtime President of APUS.

Bookplates were made to denote ownership and hopefully steer the volume back to the rightful shelf if borrowed. They often contained highly stylized writing, drawings, coat of arms, badges or other images of interest to the owner. Theearliest known form of a bookplate originates from roughly 1390 BCE, in Egypt. They became popular throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, and since have appeared throughout the world, being especially popular in larger personal libraries and book lending societies. William Goodrich Bowdoin (1860-1947) wrote passionately and a great deal on the art of books, including book plates. His works include American Bookbinders, published in 1902. He published frequently under his initials, W. G. Bowdoin. In this particular work, Bowdoin has collected a fascinating variety of bookplates from around the world to showcase different styles. This edition is dedicated to Larissa Watkins, librarian and bibliographer extraordinary, friend to countless authors.

Secrets & Lies in the United Kingdom: Analysis of Political Corruption lifts the shroud of secrecy in the United Kingdom in relation to modern freemasonry in Scotland in the late-18th century, the 'Stolen Generations' in Australia from the early 1900s to the late 1970s, Enoch Powell's motives for resigning, Britain's secret plan for a nuclear power station in Wales, intentional and unintentional disclosures of secret information about the Liberal Democrats and their rivals, the 'culture of secrecy' of English police forces, and the paradoxical co-existence of secrecy and transparency in the English justice system. Editor Fabienne Portier-Le Cocq is Professor of Contemporary British Studies at the University of Tours, France, and conducted research for the European Commission (Daphne II programme) for four years. She authored Sexualités et maternités des adolescentes: Voix anglaises et écossaises (Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2009), co-authored Les Politiques de jeunesse au Royaume-Uni et en France (Presses Sorbonne nouvelle, 2012), and has recently edited Fertility, Health and Lone Parenting: European Contexts (Routledge, 2017). She is currently preparing a book on motherhood in the global context.

James Stanley Grimes was born in Boston on May 10, 1807. Although he wrote a tremendous amount, little is known about him personally. He married Frances Warner in 1832, but never remarried after she passed away in 1848. He graduated from Union College in 1840, went on to teach law the following year at Castleton Medical College. He quickly left law, focusing on writing on everything from natural selection, theology, and neurology but his focus became mesmerism and phrenology. He wrote extensively on issues of science, religion and human advancement as well. The Mysteries of the Head and Heart is broken into three sections, with the first discussing phrenology, the second examining physiology and the third broadly looking at mesmerism. Some of his suggestions retain a certain possible validity, despite the controversial subject matter. One commentator notes, "In 1839 ... Grimes -- then living in Buffalo, New York and running a small group of phrenologists called the Western Phrenological Society -- published a modification of Coombe's phrenological system that [a] divided the organs of the brain into three groups (the ipseal, the social and the intellectual), and [b] added several new organs to the commonly-held phrenological model, including organs of chemicality, pneumativeness (merely having to do with breathing, alas), sanitativeness and (important for this discussion) credenciveness."

In 1947 Fred took a job at the House of the Temple, literally learning the Scottish Rite from the ground floor to eventually becoming Grand Commander. He was Grand Commander from October 23, 1985 to October 7, 2003. Fred wanted the organization to be "first class" in all of its endeavors. He would often say "because Freemasonry lives not just for today, but for generations to come, we must be first class in whatever we do." Fred rebuilt the Rite's endowment infrastructure and helped generate forty-seven state and local Scottish Rite Foundations. Internationally Fred restored a regular Scottish Rite presence in Portugal, and established new Supreme Councils in Togo and the Ivory Coast. He reestablished the Scottish Rite in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, and Romania. Fred was a true people person making lasting friendships wherever he went and helping others along the way. Fred had a paperweight on his desk with his favorite quote: "You can accomplish much, if you don't care who gets the credit." These 33 principles are what all Freemasons should live by, they are the true meaning of Freemasonry. This book will not only benefit the Freemason but everyone can profit. I pass this along to you as a record of the Kleinknecht legacy of leadership. Also included is an appendix containing powerful messages published in the New Age / Scottish Rite Journal written by Grand Commander Kleinknecht, 33°.