Bøger udgivet af Larsen and Keller Education

The study of rocks along with the processes through which they are formed is conducted under the branch of geology known as petrology. There are three major subdivisions within petrology, namely, sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous petrology. Sedimentary petrology deals with the texture and composition of sedimentary rocks. Igneous petrology is the study of the composition and texture of igneous rocks such as volcanic and plutonic rocks. Metamorphic petrology deals with the rocks which were initially sedimentary or igneous but due to extreme pressure or temperature, have undergone chemical or mineralogical changes. Some of the fields used within petrology are mineralogy, petrography and chemical analysis. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of petrology. It consists of contributions made by international experts. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

The systematic application of engineering to develop software is known as software engineering. It includes designing, implementing, documenting and testing the software. There are numerous sub-disciplines within this field such as software design, software construction and software maintenance. Software designing is the process wherein the components, interfaces and other characteristics of a system are defined. The use of programming, verification, integration testing and a few other processes to create a meaningful and functioning software is known as software construction. Providing cost effective support to software through various activities is known as software maintenance. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of software engineering and related fields. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers associated with software engineering.

The study and management of exchange relationships is known as marketing. It is a business process that focuses on creating relationships with customers and fulfilling their expectations. Marketing is one of the fundamental and essential components of business management. Some of the major aspects of marketing are market orientations, marketing mix and deciding the methods which will be used to market the product. The most common market orientations are product, sales, production, etc. Marketing mix refers to the set of actions which a company uses to promote its brand. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of marketing. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

The management of the flow of products from the origin to the point of consumption to fulfill the requirements of the consumers is termed as logistics. There are numerous resources which are managed within this field such as supplies, equipment, food, etc. Logistics of these items involves the integration of production, information flow, packaging, materials handling, transportation, warehousing and security. Logistics is broadly divided into inbound and outbound logistics. There are numerous sub-fields within outbound logistics such as procurement logistics, distribution logistics, after-sales logistics, disposal logistics, reverse logistics, green logistics and global logistics. Economic order quantity models and distribution resource planning are some of the methodologies which are used to manage and configure logistic systems. This textbook provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of logistics and related fields. The topics covered herein deal with the core subjects of this field. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

The branch of chemistry which deals with nuclear processes, radioactivity and transformations in the nuclei of atoms is called nuclear chemistry. Some of the transformations studied within it are nuclear transmutation and nuclear properties. It is also involved in the study of radioactive elements such as the actinides, radium and radon as well as the equipment that is designed to perform nuclear processes. The study of the chemical effects of the absorption of radiation in living animals, plants and other materials also falls under this field. The main areas that are covered under nuclear chemistry are radiation chemistry, nuclear power and nuclear reactions. This textbook provides comprehensive insights into the field of nuclear chemistry. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of this field. This book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Management is the administration of any organization such as a business, a government body or a non-profit organization. It deals with the formulation of strategies of a firm and the coordination of the efforts of its employees in order to achieve the organization's objectives through the application of available resources. Some of these resources are financial, natural, technological and human resources. The management of an organization involves a few basic functions such as planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling. The management of most organizations is divided into three tiers, in a pyramidal hierarchical structure. These levels are senior management, middle management and lower management. This textbook elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to management. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under this category. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

The branch of management which deals with the organizing, directing and planning of the production process is called production management. Its primary focus is the efficient management of the resources which are vital for the production of goods and services. It is also involved in the making of decisions which deal with the quality, price, quantity and design in order to ensure that the products meet the required specifications. Operations management refers to the domain of management which focuses on the controlling and designing of the process of production. It is responsible for the smooth and effective running of operations within an organization. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of production and operations management. It consists of contributions made by international experts. This textbook is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

The study of groups and individuals as well as the activities related to purchase, use and disposal of goods and services is referred to as consumer behavior. It also involves the study of the consumer's mental, emotional and behavioral responses that are related to these activities. It is an inter-disciplinary field that uses tools from various fields such as psychology, anthropology, ethnography, sociology, marketing and behavioral economics. Consumer behavior also deals with examining how attitudes, emotions and preferences influence buying behavior. There are numerous external and internal factors which influence the consumers while purchasing products. A few of these factors are consumer awareness, self-actualization, perception, culture and social class. This textbook is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of consumer behavior. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. This book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Genetics is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of genetic variation, genes and heredity in organisms. Some of the major areas of study within this field are trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes. It also studies the function and behavior of genes. The major sub-fields of genetics include epigenetics, molecular genetics and population genetics. Epigenetics focuses on the study of the heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. Molecular genetics studies the function and structure of genes in organisms using genetic screens. Population genetics deals with the genetic differences present within and between populations. This textbook is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and concepts of genetics. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, it makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. This book is appropriate for those seeking detailed information in this area.

Marine mammals are the aquatic organisms that depend on the ocean and other marine ecosystems for their survival. Such organisms include sea otters, seals, manatees, whales and polar bears. The adaptation of marine mammals to an aquatic lifestyle varies from species to species. Some mammals such as cetaceans and sirenians are fully aquatic. Animals such as seals and sea lions are semiaquatic. They spend a major part of their life inside water but they need to come to land to perform some specific activities such as molting, breeding and mating. Some marine mammals such as polar bears and otters are much less adapted to an aquatic lifestyle. Marine mammals have numerous anatomical and physiological features which assist them in overcoming the challenges associated with aquatic living. The topics included in this textbook on marine mammals are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and theories related to this subject. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

The trade of goods and services at a transnational or global level is referred to as international business. It involves the cross border transaction of numerous economic resources such as capital, people and skills. These are used to produce services like banking, finance, construction and insurance as well as physical goods at an international level. There are numerous factors, which contribute to the growth in international business such as expansion of technology, removal of international business restrictions and increase in cross-national cooperation. In order to facilitate international business, multinational companies are required to connect separate national markets into one global market. This textbook covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around international business. It picks up individual branches and explains their needs and contribution in the context of a growing economy. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The sub-field of botany that deals with the study of the functioning of plants is referred to as plant physiology. It is closely related to the fields of plant morphology, plant ecology, cell biology, molecular biology and phytochemistry. It focuses on the internal activities of plants including the chemical and physical processes. It also studies the fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant hormone function and tropisms. It also deals with photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, seed germination, environmental stress philosophy, circadian rhythms and transpiration. Plant nutrition, which studies the different nutrients that are essential for the growth and metabolism of plants, also falls under the umbrella of this field. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of plant physiology. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for those interested in this field.

A farm is an area of land that is primarily devoted to agricultural processes with the primary goal of producing food and other crops. Farm management refers to the making and implementation of decisions that are involved in operating and organizing a farm to ensure maximum profit and production. The management strategies and techniques generally depend upon the type of farming and the size of the farm. The management of farms includes the usage of principles and concepts from the fields of plant and animal sciences in order to make informed decisions regarding soils, seeds and fertilizers. It also uses agricultural engineering for information on farm buildings, machinery and erosion control systems. A few of the different branches of farm management are poultry farm management, dairy farm management and livestock management. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of farm management. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

The animals which do not have a backbone are known as invertebrates. The sub-discipline of zoology which focuses on invertebrates is known as invertebrate zoology. Some of the different animals which are dealt within this discipline are tunicates, echinoderms, sponges and worms. There are various areas of study within invertebrate zoology such as arthropodology, helminthology, cnidariology and invertebrate paleontology. Different insects and spiders are studied under the subdiscipline of arthropodology. Helminthology studies parasitic worms and Cnidariology deals with the study of cnidaria such as anemones and jellyfish. Invertebrate paleontology is the study of fossil invertebrates. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of invertebrate zoology. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

The study of the working of a healthy human body during exercise is known as sports and exercise science. It also studies the impact of sport and physical activity on improving health, and performance from cellular to whole body perspectives. This field draws from several other disciplines such as anatomy, exercise physiology, sport psychology, biochemistry, biomechanics and biokinetics. A major application of sport and exercise science is designing, monitoring and evaluating training programs for athletes and coaches to enable them to reach their maximum potential. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of sport and exercise science and how such concepts have practical applications. The topics included in this book on sports and exercise science, are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Veterinary virology is an important branch within veterinary medicine which studies viruses in non-human animals. There are various types of viruses, which are studied within this discipline such as rhabdoviruses, pestiviruses and coronaviruses. Rhabdoviruses are a family of viruses, which have a single strand negative sense RNA. Some of the pathogens within this family are potato yellow dwarf virus, rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. Influenza is a disease which is caused by an influenza virus. The two prominent types of influenza are avian and swine influenza. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of veterinary virology and related fields. It consists of contributions made by international experts. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Myth is a genre of folklore which consists of stories or narratives that play an integral role in the society. The word mythology can refer either to the study of myths or to a collection of myths on a particular topic. Myths are interpreted through various perspectives and theories. Some of them are comparative mythology, functionalism, euhemerism and allegory. The comparison of different bodies of myths for academic purposes is known as comparative mythology. Functionalism states that the function of myths is to shape society and social behavior. Euhemerism is a theory which considers myths to be distorted versions of historical events. Some of the prominent mythologies are Christian mythology, Jewish mythology, Islamic mythology and Hindu mythology. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches to the study of mythology. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Sports nutrition includes the study of diet and nutrition related to sports to improve the athletic performance. It is primarily required in endurance sports such as cycling, running and swimming, and in strength sports like bodybuilding and weightlifting. Sports nutrition focuses on the food quantity that is consumed by an athlete. It also looks after the consumption of organic substances such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins as well as the consumption of nutrients including minerals, vitamins and supplements. The dietary ingredients such as amino acids and herbs in the form of pills, capsules and liquid are included as the dietary supplements. There are various factors that influence the nutritional requirements. They include the type of activity, weight, gender, body mass index, height, and the workout stage. This book explores all the important aspects of sports nutrition in the present day scenario. The topics covered herein deal with the core subjects of sports nutrition. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The study of interconnectedness of economics, politics and laws on a global level is referred to as international relations. It draws from the fields of international law, communication studies, geography, sociology, anthropology, psychology, criminology, demography and history. International relations is a vast area which encompasses various global issues such as nuclear proliferation, ecological sustainability, global finance, globalization, international security, human rights and state sovereignty. As an academic discipline, international relations include various theories. Some of these theories are normative theory, epistemological theory, positivist theories including realism, liberalism, neoliberalism, regime theory, and post-positivist theories such as constructivism, Marxism and feminism. It presents the complex subject of international relations in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. This book studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of international relations and its utmost significance in modern times. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

The field of journals and news which publishes using electrical methods is known as broadcast journalism. Examples of broadcast journalism are radio, television and the World Wide Web. The sharing and cross promotion of content from different media is known as convergence. Theoretically, all of these media converge to become one medium. Internet is generally considered to be the key to convergence in broadcast journalism. Citizen broadcast journalism is an emerging branch of broadcast journalism, which allows civilians to post stories on social media. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of broadcast journalism and related fields. The topics included in this book on broadcast journalism is of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

The natural science which focuses on the study of matter, its motion and behavior through space and time is known as physics. It also studies the related entities of force and energy. Physics is a vast field that aims to understand how the universe behaves. It also intersects with other significant areas such as biophysics and quantum chemistry. The core theories of physics include quantum mechanics, special relativity, classical mechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism. Physics can be divided into classical and modern physics. Classical physics delves into the study of matter and energy at normal scales of observation. Whereas modern physics studies them under extreme conditions. Some of the prominent subfields of physics include nuclear and particle physics, condensed matter physics, optical physics, atomic physics, astrophysics and molecular physics. This textbook attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of physics and how such concepts have practical applications. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in this textbook. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

A mathematical equation which relates some function with its derivatives is known as a differential equation. While applying a differential equation, the physical quantities are represented by functions and the rates of change are represented by derivatives. The relationship between the two is defined by a differential equation. There are several types of differential equations such as ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and non-linear differential equations. Ordinary differential equations contain an unknown function of one real or complex variable x, its derivatives, and some given functions of x. A differential equation which contains unknown multivariable functions and their partial derivatives is known as a partial differential equation. A differential equation which is not a linear equation in the unknown function and its derivatives is known as a non-linear differential equation. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of differential equations. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. Those with an interest in this field would find this book helpful.

Geometry is a mathematical branch that deals with the questions of size, shape, relative position of figures and the properties of space. Some of the fundamental concepts of geometry include concepts of line, surface, point, plane, angle and curve as well as the notions of manifold and topology. Geometry is applied in many fields such as architecture, physics, art and other branches of mathematics. A few of the sub-disciplines within this field are Euclidean geometry, differential geometry and algebraic geometry. Euclidean geometry is applied in the fields of computer graphics, computational geometry, incidence, geodesy and navigation. Differential geometry involves the usage of techniques of calculus and linear algebra for studying geometric problems. The topics included in this book on geometry are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Air pollution is a condition when the Earth's atmosphere or environment contains excessive quantities of harmful substances including gases, particles and biological molecules. The sources of air pollution can be broadly divided into natural sources and man-made sources. Some of the natural sources are dust, methane emitted by animals and radon gas from radioactive decay in the Earth's crust. A few of the man-made sources are fossil fuel power stations and motor vehicles. Air pollution can cause serious diseases, allergies and even death among humans. It also harms other living organisms like animals and affects food crops. Air pollution can also damage natural and built environment. The topics included in this textbook on air pollution are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Different approaches, evaluations and studies related to this problem have been included in this book. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for those interested in this field.

The degradation of soil by an alteration in the natural soil environment or through the presence of xenobiotic chemicals is known as soil pollution. It is usually caused by improper disposal of waste, agricultural chemicals and industrial activity. Some of the prominent chemicals which cause soil pollution are petroleum hyrdocarbons, naphthalene, solvents, pesticides and heavy metals such as lead. The process of removing pollutants and contaminants from the soil is known as environmental remediation. There are various strategies which are used in remediation. Some of these are aeration of soils, bioremediation, extracting groundwater and then filtering the contaminants, phytoremediation and surfactant leaching. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core aspects of soil pollution as well as its monitoring and remediation. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

The field of materials science and engineering which studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements is called metallurgy. It also studies their inter-metallic compounds and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Steel metallurgy is a domain under the subfield of metallurgy known as ferrous metallurgy. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content is not more than 2 percent. There are many types of steel which are classified broadly into a few major groups on the basis of specific criteria. These are surface conditions, chemical compositions, applications and shapes. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of steel metallurgy. The fundamentals as well as modern approaches of this field are discussed in it. Those with an interest in the field of steel metallurgy would find this book helpful.

The branch of ecology which studies the interactions between various organisms which dwell in water bodies, and their surroundings, is known as aquatic ecology. The different aquatic environments which fall under the domain of aquatic ecology are estuaries, lakes, ponds, oceans and rivers. An ecosystem which exists in a body of water is known as an aquatic ecosystem. There are primarily two types of aquatic ecosystems, marine and freshwater ecosystems. Marine ecosystems are further divided into various zones like oceanic zone, benthic zone and intertidal zone. Freshwater ecosystems are broadly divided into three types - lentic, lotic and wetlands. Lentic ecosystems are made up of slow moving water. Lotic ecosystems consist of faster moving water, such as streams and rivers. Wetlands are ecosystems which are flooded by water, either seasonally or permanently. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of aquatic ecology. The topics included herein on this subject are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The biosphere is a closed system which includes all the other ecosystems. It is a self-regulating system. It encompasses all living beings and their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and atmosphere. The main characteristics of the biosphere are the continuous cycle of matter and the flow of solar energy. All of the living organisms of the biosphere depend on water. The biotic components of the biosphere are broadly classified into three categories, namely, primary producers, consumers and decomposers. The topics included in this book on biosphere are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Such selected concepts that redefine this discipline have been presented in it. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Railway refers to the system of transport that involves vehicles running on rails, which in turn are located on tracks. The connected series of rail vehicles is known as a train. Since the frictional resistance on rails is lower than rubber-tired vehicles, trains can be attached in a longer sequence. Railway transport can be powered either by electricity or produce their own power, mostly through a diesel engine. There are two major types of tracks which are used in railway systems - ballasted track and ballastless track. The various processes, which are a part of railway construction are laying bottom ballast, providing anchorage, laying steel rail, laying top ballast and installing rail anchor and rail brace. The topics included in this book on railway systems are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of railway systems. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

The scientific study of climate falls under the domain of climatology. It is a branch of atmospheric science. It is closely related to the fields of oceanography and biogeochemistry. Climatology primarily deals with the analysis and modeling of the physical laws that determine the climate. The climate models are used for numerous purposes such as studying the dynamics of the weather and creating future climate projections. Climatology is broadly divided into three subcategories, on the basis of the purpose and complexity of research. These are scientific climatology, descriptive climatology and applied climatology. Some of the other sub-fields of climatology are paleoclimatology, historical climatology and boundary-layer climatology. This textbook is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of climatology. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.