Bøger i SpringerBriefs in Criminology serien

This brief investigates the usefulness of Body-worn videos (BWVs) in non-policing environments. The first study of this kind, this research presents new datasets related to these devices, including: TOCS¿ data on assaults and injuries¿ Surveys of frontline members of staff¿ A series of focus groups¿ BWV activation metadata from BWV vendors¿ Surveys with British Transport Police¿s criminal justice unit.The data sources for this project span thirteen train operating companies across the UK, varying levels of risk of workplace violence, as well as different types of Public-Facing professionals and different BWV devices. Using a mixed-methods approach, this volume ultimately provides insight into the effectiveness of these devices in preventing and controlling risks of violence in the workplace, and recommendations on how to use them. This book is ideal for professionals working in workplace violence reduction and scholars who study technological advents, violence prevention and jurists who are interested in decisions to prosecute offenders.

This Brief examines the role of Police Unions in law enforcement policy development. This work provides a multisite survey of police administrators' views and opinions on police union impact on a variety of police functions including: delivery of services, prevention of crime and disorder, and interaction with the public.

This Brief presents a framework for understanding the role of school and neighborhood contexts in the development of self-control. Through the application of Gottfredson and Hirschi¿s general theory of crime and Shaw and McKay¿s social disorganization theory, the authors of this Brief examine the importance of family socialization and school and neighborhood for self-control of youth in three Russian cities, replicating results from an earlier study in Germany. The cases presented in the Brief found that family socialization is important for self-control, but it interacts with school and neighbourhood contexts. According to the study, school social control as a structural characteristic can lead to less delinquency, even if students did not develop self-control. Self-control mediates parental supervision and attachment to parents on one hand, and juvenile delinquency on the other hand. However it was not found to mediate neighbourhood context characteristics. The results of the study provide a research framework that can be applied to other international, comparative contexts. It will be of interest to researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice, particularly Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, as well as related fields such as Public Policy and Social Work.

This Brief provides an in-depth look at crime and corruption in Russian Law Enforcement, in the fifteen years since the 2009 police reforms. It focuses on corruption and organized crime at various levels of public services and law enforcement, how these organized crime networks operate, and how to enhance police integrity and legitimacy in this context.It begins with a short overview of the history of law enforcement in the Soviet and Post-Soviet context, and the scope of organized crime on the operations of local businesses, public services, and bureaucratic offices. It provides an in depth examination of how organized crime developed in this context, to fill a void between the supply and demand of various goods and services. Based on an in-depth survey of police integrity and corruption in Russia, it provides key insights into how countries in a transition to democracy can maintain and enhance legitimacy of their police force.This Brief will be of interest to researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice, particularly with a focus on policing, corruption or organized crime, as well as related disciplines such as political science. 

This Brief explores police misconduct, through the lens of a 5-year study of civil liability cases against the New York Police Department in Kings County (Brooklyn), New York.

The average American municipal police academy only requires 26 weeks of training, despite previous studies showing overwhelming support that college educated police officers apply more discretion in their use of force than officers without a college degree.

It also includes a discussion of the media approach to covering serial homicide. The Brief is divided into four major sections covering: definitions and overview of serial homicide, profiling perpetrators according to different typologies, profiling victims, applied case studies, and recommendations for investigation and prevention.

With a view of transnational criminal activities involving actors from individual criminal entrepreneurs to organized crime groups and fluid large criminal networks, this brief will be of use to law enforcement, researchers of trafficking and organized crime, and policy makers.

This Brief provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of proactive strategies for management transitions in criminal justice and other public administration civic service agencies.

As the author explains, while it is generally not controversial that hate crime behavior should be stopped, the question of how to do so effectively is complex. This volume begins with an introduction about defining hate crimes, and the history of hate crimes and hate crime legislation in the United States.

While the proximate cause of any accident is usually someone's immediate action- or omission (failure to act)-there is often a trail of underlying latent conditions that facilitated their error: the person has, in effect, been unwittingly "set up" for failure by the organization.

This Brief presents new approaches and innovative challenges to address bringing technology into community-oriented policing efforts. "Community-oriented policing" is an approach that encourages police to develop and maintain personal relationships with citizens and community organizations. By developing these partnerships, the goal is to enhance trust and legitimacy of police by the community (and vice versa), and focus on engaging the community crime prevention and detection efforts for sustainable, long-term crime reduction. The contributions to this volume emphasize how technological innovations can advance community-oriented policing goals, such as: -Strengthening community policing principles through effective and efficient tools, procedures and approaches - Accelerating communication between citizens and police forces - Early identification, timely intervention, as well as better crime reporting, identification of risks, unreported and undiscovered crime through the community Contributions to this volume were developed out of the Next Generation Community Policing (NGCP) International Conference was co-organized by nine contributing research and development projects, funded by the Horizon 2020 SECURITY Program of the European Commission. It will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as related fields such as sociology, public health, security, IT and public policy. This book is open access under a CC BY license.

This Brief explores the problem of creating organizational change and a culture of lawfulness within police organizations in the developing world. In many countries where police are charged with responding to crime, they are themselves entrenched in histories of corruption, human rights abuses, inefficiency as well as a lack of public trust. While police corruption can happen anywhere, areas of political transition tend to have a more entrenched cultural history of corruption. However, the author argues that even in the most challenged forces, there remains hope for organizational change. This brief demonstrates how understanding the local socio-political context, and applying evidence-based best practices for police integrity training can bring about change. The brief summarizes the current state of knowledge on police integrity training, strategies for rethinking corruption and community policing, as well as two case studies in Bangladesh and Mexico with applications for other regions. This work will be of interest to students and researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly with an interest in police studies and corruption, as well as related fields such as political science, international studies and human rights.

Drawing upon empirical research gathered in the field between 2012-2019 across two sites, Scotland's West Coast and Merseyside in England, this book adopts a grounded approach to the drug supply model, detailing how drugs are purchased, sold and distributed at every level of the supply chain at both sites.

This brief takes the reader through a 10-year journey of seeking to embed Evidence Based Policing within one of the largest police forces in the world - the Metropolitan Police Service in London, England - from the inside.

This brief uses California's CURES (Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System) 2.0 data to analyze county-level opioid prescribing rates in California from 2012 to 2017 from multiple perspectives.

In response to misconceptions and sub-optimal assessment of situational interaction in the criminological literature, this volume is a comprehensive resource for researchers of person-environment interaction in human behavioural outcomes, with a focus on acts of crime.

Regardless, state agencies provide an important link between academic institutions and the federal government on one hand, and local criminal justice agencies on the other. This Brief provides and important resource for navigating that link.

This Brief reviews the history of foot patrol and the recent, research-driven resurgence of foot patrol in places such as Philadelphia.

Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) have received increased attention in light of international corruption scandals, high-profile leaks about extensive tax abuse schemes, and the continued fight against terrorism financing and organized crime.

In contrast to the pattern of long-standing occidental street gangs modelled in the North American paradigm, new-age gangs have appeared as loosely organized, with a high degree of interchangeability of their membership.

This Brief explores the role of social crime prevention as a crime reduction strategy in the developing world. Generally, police and law enforcement are relied upon to present quick results, where social crime prevention strategies can be viewed as being "soft on crime" or too slow.

This brief examines the influence and prestige of scholars and works in the field of Criminology and Criminal Justice, as well as changes in influence and prestige over a period of 25 years, based on citation analysis.

This work examines in-depth the phenomenon of volunteer policing in the United States. a close examination of two central types of laws governing volunteer police units: the "Stand Your Ground" law and the "Good Samaritan" law;

This work includes: 1) review of relevant research and literature, 2) review the Internet sources in which many deem important in influencing the emerging drug market, 3) discussion of national and international trends in use, abuse and distribution of these substances and 4) examination of current drug policy and recommendations for the future.

Police pursuits, often receiving a lot of media attention, have become a topic of concern and priority for both law enforcement and the communities they serve.